Arviv, Eyal, Simo Hanouna, and Oren Tsur. "It’sa thin line between love and hate: Using the echo in modeling dynamics of racist online communities." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. Vol. 15. 2021.

The (((echo))) symbol, used by alt-right, white supremacists, and trolls to target individuals of Jewish heritage, gained prominence during the 2016 U.S. Presidential race. This paper constructs a dataset to analyze networks of racist communities and their broader integration. Employing natural language processing and structural network analysis, a multi-modal neural architecture is proposed to overcome linguistic ambiguity and detect hate community leaders. The study reveals correlations between antisemitic content and hate speech targeting other minority groups, as well as the role of IRA trolls in perpetuating racism.