Babaei Ebrahimabadi, Majid, Reza Radfar, and Abbas Toloei Eshlaghy. "Knowledge management in railway industry: a conceptual model based on open innovation and online communities." International Journal of Railway Research 6.1 (2019): 63-72.

This qualitative research aims to develop a conceptual model of Knowledge Management (KM) architecture using an open innovation approach based on online communities. Initial factors are extracted from literature and research background, and data are gathered through semi-structured interviews with experts in railway transport. Through coding, identification, categorization, and modeling stages, the study identifies dimensions and components of KM architecture. Results suggest that open innovation and knowledge management are complementary, and organizations can leverage internal and external knowledge integration. Online communities serve as a link between KM and open innovation, facilitating public sharing and timely information dissemination.