Kytölä, Samu. "Multilingual web discussion forums: theoretical, practical and methodological issues." Language mixing and code-switching in writing. Routledge, 2012. 106-127.

Since the 1990s, the rapid development of computer-mediated communication (CMC) has significantly changed the linguistic and discursive practices of people, particularly in affluent regions. CMC, which includes both asynchronous and synchronous online communication formats, has become a major avenue for multilingual interactions. Despite the early recognition of this phenomenon, such as Paolillo's observation in 1996, and the subsequent expansion of research on online multilingualism, these studies have not been fully integrated into mainstream code-switching research.