Majchrzak, Ann, Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa, and Samer Faraj. "Theorizing knowledge collaboration in online communities." (2017).

This paper argues that the management literature must develop new organizational theories to understand online communities and crowds (OCs), a virtual and distributed organizational form facilitating knowledge collaboration on an unprecedented scale. The authors propose updates to a theory they published in 2011, emphasizing emergent and embedded organizational outcomes over structural dynamics. They highlight the importance of technology affordances and other previously overlooked factors in explaining OC behavior.