This study challenges the traditional view of leadership within online communities by exploring a model of shared leadership, suggesting that leadership behaviors can emerge from all members, not just those in formal leadership roles. Focusing on Wikipedia, it examines the impact of various leadership behaviors (transactional, aversive, directive, and person-focused) and the legitimacy of the individuals exhibiting these behaviors (formal leaders vs. peer leaders) on motivating other participants to contribute. Findings from propensity score matching indicate that leadership behaviors from members at all levels significantly affect motivation, with transactional and person-focused leadership being most effective in increasing contributions. Conversely, aversive leadership has a negative impact. Moreover, leadership behaviors from legitimate leaders were generally more influential than those from peer leaders. The study highlights the importance of recognizing and fostering shared leadership in online communities for enhancing contribution and participation.
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Zhu, Haiyi, Robert Kraut, and Aniket Kittur. "Effectiveness of shared leadership in online communities." Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work. 2012.
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