Hameleers, Michael. "The populism of online communities: Constructing the boundary between “blameless” people and “culpable” others." Communication Culture & Critique 12.1 (2019): 147-165.

This study investigates the construction of populist discourse by ordinary citizens on Facebook in the Netherlands through qualitative content analysis. It reveals that Facebook serves as a platform for Dutch citizens to express their populist dissatisfaction, engage with others who share similar views, and direct hostility and incivility predominantly towards elites and marginalized groups. This analysis of how citizens delineate "us" versus "them" contributes to a deeper understanding of populist discourse on social networks and its challenge to democratic communication principles.