Hunter, M. Gordon, and Rosemary Stockdale. "A Framework for Analyzing Online Communities: Sponsor and Member Value Proposition." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD) 2.3 (2010): 11-25.

This paper delves into online communities, delineating them from other internet-supported group interactions and identifying three generic types based on the value proposition for sponsors and members. The value proposition strongly influences member participation and interaction opportunities structured by site sponsors. Fulfillment of specific needs draws individuals to these communities, with additional benefits enhancing membership value and fostering retention. Online communities offer significant benefits for businesses, NGOs, and individuals, contributing to various contexts such as business, healthcare, and community needs. Examples of the three types are provided for clarification.