Lan, Pei-Shan, Ming-Chou Liu, and Divya Baranwal. "Applying contracts and online communities to promote student self-regulation in English learning at the primary-school level." Interactive Learning Environments 31.1 (2023): 468-479.

This study investigates the impact of integrating an Online Community with Contract Learning (CLOC) on primary school students' motivation, self-regulated learning, and academic achievements in English language learning. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, comparing an experimental group that participated in the CLOC with a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Interviews with students from the experimental group provided further insights into their attitudes towards the CLOC approach. The findings demonstrate that students in the experimental group exhibited significantly higher learning motivation and academic achievements than those in the control group. Additionally, the use of contract learning within an online learning community was found to enhance students' self-regulated learning capabilities. These results suggest that incorporating contract learning and online community engagement into primary education can significantly benefit English language learning, motivating education stakeholders to adopt such innovative approaches for fostering self-regulated learning among students.