Marcuse, Peter. "Are social forums the future of social movements?." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.2 (2005): 417-424.

Social Forums, inspired by the World Social Forums, are not traditional social movements but rather platforms that unite various social movements and facilitate coalition-building, often around urban issues. They significantly contribute to social change by fostering collaboration among diverse groups. While they have the potential to form the basis of an international social movement, this would likely require a specific political program. The article also offers concrete suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of Social Forums.