Park, Joon Sung, Joseph Seering, and Michael S. Bernstein. "Measuring the Prevalence of Anti-Social Behavior in Online Communities." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6.CSCW2 (2022): 1-29.

This study investigates the prevalence of anti-social behavior on Reddit by analyzing the proportion of unmoderated comments that violate platform norms in the 97 most popular communities. Utilizing a human-AI pipeline and a bootstrap sampling method, it was found that 6.25% of comments in 2016 and 4.28% in 2020 breached these norms, with a significant portion of such comments remaining unmoderated. Personal attacks were the most common violation, while pornography and bigotry saw higher moderation rates compared to politically inflammatory comments and misogyny/vulgarity. The research highlights the ongoing challenges in moderating online communities and the need for evolving social and technical strategies.