Rojo, Alejandra, and Ronald G. Ragsdale. "Participation in electronic forums: Implications for the design and implementation of collaborative distributed multimedia." Telematics and informatics 14.1 (1997): 83-96.

This study examines participation patterns in scholarly mailing lists through a mixed-methods approach, highlighting issues of user engagement and the fragility of forum membership. Findings indicate that interaction is often one-sided, with users preferring to consume rather than actively contribute, suggesting challenges in collaborative multimedia environments. Strategies to enhance participation include lowering contribution costs and tailoring multimedia systems to specific professional communities.