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Trollface, also known as "Coolface," first emerged on internet forums in 2008 and quickly gained popularity as a symbol of trolling and internet mischief. The image typically features a black and white cartoon face with a mischievous grin, often accompanied by the caption "problem?" or "u mad bro?" The use of trollface is often associated with intentionally provocative and disruptive behavior online, such as posting inflammatory comments or deliberately derailing online conversations. While some may use it in a playful or humorous way, others use it as a means of cyberbullying or harassment.

A troll is someone who posts deliberately inflammatory or disruptive messages online, often in forums, comment sections, or social media. They may use insults, personal attacks, or offensive language to provoke a reaction from other users. Trolls often have no real interest in engaging in meaningful discussion, but rather seek to incite emotional responses or derail conversations. Their behavior can range from mildly irritating to extremely harmful, and can lead to online harassment, cyberbullying, or even real-world violence. Trolls may engage in their behavior for a variety of reasons. Some may be seeking attention, validation, or a sense of power over others. Others may enjoy causing chaos or simply find it amusing to provoke a reaction. In some cases, trolls may have a more specific agenda, such as promoting a particular ideology or attacking a certain group of people. Whatever their motivations, trolls can have a significant impact on online communities, making it difficult for constructive conversations to take place and driving away other users.

Trait psychopathy is a personality construct characterized by a set of core features, including emotional detachment, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy or remorse. Psychopathy is considered a trait rather than a disorder because it refers to a stable pattern of behavior and personality, rather than a diagnosable mental illness. People with high levels of trait psychopathy may display a range of behaviors, from callous disregard for others' feelings to a tendency toward impulsive and reckless behavior. Researchers have identified several key features of trait psychopathy, including a grandiose sense of self, superficial charm, and a tendency to manipulate others to achieve their goals. One of the challenges in understanding trait psychopathy is that it can be difficult to distinguish from other personality traits and disorders, such as narcissism or borderline personality disorder. However, research has shown that psychopathy is a distinct construct, with its own set of behavioral and neurological correlates. While trait psychopathy is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including criminal behavior and substance abuse, it is important to note that not all individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits will engage in harmful or criminal behavior.

Sadistic personality disorder is classified as a Cluster B personality disorder, along with borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders. People with this disorder derive pleasure from inflicting physical or emotional pain on others, often intentionally and without provocation. They may engage in behaviors such as humiliation, domination, and intimidation, and may enjoy watching others suffer. These behaviors are often coupled with a lack of empathy or concern for the well-being of others, and a sense of entitlement to do whatever they please, regardless of the consequences. The causes of sadistic personality disorder are not fully understood, but some research suggests that it may be related to childhood abuse or neglect, as well as genetic factors. Treatment for sadistic personality disorder can be difficult, as those with this disorder may not seek help voluntarily, and may not respond well to traditional psychotherapeutic interventions.

Outrage culture often involves calling for public shaming or punishment of those deemed responsible for the offense, and can result in online harassment, cancel culture, and the suppression of free speech. The term is often used to critique the excessive and performative nature of public outrage, which can be fueled by social media echo chambers and a desire for attention or moral superiority. Some argue that outrage culture can stifle meaningful debate and lead to a culture of fear and self-censorship, while others see it as a necessary form of social activism and accountability.

Online extremism is a growing concern in today's digital age, where individuals can easily connect with others who share their extreme views through social media, forums, and other online platforms. The term encompasses a wide range of ideologies, including but not limited to white supremacy, Islamic extremism, and far-left or far-right political beliefs. While online extremism is not a new phenomenon, the ease of access and reach provided by the internet has made it easier for extremist groups to spread their messages and recruit new members. Online extremism can take many forms, including the sharing of extremist propaganda, the promotion of violence against specific individuals or groups, and the use of online platforms to plan or coordinate acts of terror. In some cases, online extremist groups have been linked to real-world acts of violence and terrorism, making it a serious threat to public safety and national security.

Lulz is a term that originated from internet culture, particularly the 4chan message boards. It is often used to describe the act of causing amusement or laughter through trolling, pranking, or other forms of online mischief. In some cases, this may involve engaging in behavior that is provocative or offensive, with the intention of getting a reaction from others. The term "lulz" is often associated with a particular kind of humor that is sarcastic, irreverent, and sometimes cruel. Some individuals may engage in "lulz" activities as a way to express frustration or to push back against societal norms or expectations. However, it's worth noting that the pursuit of "lulz" can also have negative consequences. In some cases, individuals engaging in these activities may go too far, causing harm or distress to others. Additionally, some people may use the pursuit of "lulz" as a justification for engaging in abusive or harassing behavior online. While the pursuit of humor and amusement can be a positive thing, it's important to be mindful of the impact our actions have on others.

The term "katagelasticism" is derived from the Greek words "katagelastikos" which means to mock or ridicule. It is a term that describes the act of laughing at or mocking someone else's ideas, beliefs or opinions, often in a cruel or mean-spirited manner. This behavior is often used to discredit the other person's point of view and make them feel inferior or foolish. Katagelasticism can take many forms, including name-calling, sarcasm, and belittling comments. It is often used as a tool for bullying or intimidation and can be especially damaging in online communities where people feel anonymous and are less likely to consider the impact of their words on others. This behavior can lead to a toxic environment where people feel afraid to express their opinions or share their thoughts.

Disinhibition is a psychological phenomenon that can occur in a variety of situations. When people feel less inhibited, they may act more impulsively and be less concerned about the potential consequences of their actions. This can happen in situations where social norms are relaxed or unclear, or when individuals feel anonymous or protected from social scrutiny. Disinhibition can manifest in different ways, such as increased aggression, risk-taking behavior, or self-disclosure. Several factors can contribute to disinhibition. One is the reduced presence of social cues that individuals normally rely on to regulate their behavior. This can happen online, where people communicate through text or other digital media, which can lack the nonverbal cues that help us interpret the intentions and emotions of others. Another factor is anonymity, which can lead individuals to feel less accountable for their actions and more free to express themselves without fear of reprisal. Finally, disinhibition can also result from alcohol or drug use, which can impair judgment and decision-making abilities.

Deindividuation is a concept rooted in social psychology that describes the loss of individual identity in group settings, often leading to a reduction in personal responsibility and a propensity for impulsive and potentially destructive behavior. This phenomenon can occur in a variety of contexts, including large crowds, online communities, and even within organizations. In the context of group behavior, the loss of individuality can result in a sense of anonymity and a corresponding lack of accountability, leading individuals to behave in ways they might not otherwise consider acceptable. The factors that contribute to deindividuation can vary depending on the context, but generally involve a sense of anonymity, a loss of personal identity, and a perception of shared identity within the group. This can be exacerbated in online communities, where individuals may feel even more anonymous and disconnected from their personal identity. The result can be a disinhibition effect, leading individuals to engage in behavior that they would not normally consider, such as cyberbullying, trolling, or other forms of online harassment.

Dark Tetrad is a concept from psychology that refers to a cluster of four negative personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism. These traits are characterized by a lack of empathy, a desire for power and control, and a willingness to exploit others for personal gain. Narcissism refers to a grandiose sense of self-importance, Machiavellianism involves manipulation and deceit, psychopathy is characterized by impulsivity and a lack of remorse, and sadism involves deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on others. While these traits are often seen as negative, some argue that they can be adaptive in certain situations, such as in high-pressure leadership roles.

Concern trolls are people who pretend to be supporters of a cause, but their real intention is to undermine the progress and harmony of a community. They often use the guise of constructive criticism or friendly advice to mask their true intentions, and may feign agreement with the community's goals or values to gain the trust of its members. However, their comments or actions ultimately reveal their insincerity, as they intentionally provoke conflict or distract from the community's main focus. Concern trolls can be particularly effective at derailing discussions, because their comments are often couched in a way that makes it difficult for other members to criticize them without appearing unreasonable or dismissive.

Black humor, also known as dark humor or gallows humor, is a form of humor that uses morbid or controversial themes as a source of amusement. The humor often involves jokes or anecdotes that make light of serious or sensitive topics, such as death, violence, disease, or tragedy. Black humor can be seen as a coping mechanism, a way to deal with difficult or uncomfortable situations by finding humor in them. However, it can also be seen as insensitive or inappropriate, especially when it is used to mock or belittle others' pain. Despite its controversial nature, black humor has been a popular form of entertainment throughout history. It has been used in literature, films, television shows, and stand-up comedy routines. While some people find it offensive, others enjoy the irreverent and provocative nature of black humor.

Trolling is a behavior that is commonly observed in online communities, where individuals post messages that are intended to incite reactions from others, often leading to arguments and conflicts. Trolls typically use humor, sarcasm, or exaggeration to provoke emotional responses from their targets, and often display a lack of empathy or concern for the impact of their actions on others. In some cases, trolling may be driven by a desire for attention, a need for validation, or simply a desire to cause chaos and disruption. Trolling can take many different forms, ranging from mild and harmless pranks to more extreme and harmful behaviors such as cyberbullying, hate speech, and online harassment. While trolling is often viewed as a negative behavior, some argue that it can serve a constructive purpose by challenging established norms and stimulating critical thinking.

Toxicity can take many forms, including bullying, harassment, discrimination, hate speech, and threats of violence. It can occur in any setting, from workplaces to schools to social media platforms. The effects of toxicity can be detrimental to individuals and communities, causing stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. Toxic behavior can also lead to a decrease in productivity, a loss of trust, and a decline in morale. To combat toxicity, it is important to promote empathy, understanding, and respect. This can involve setting clear standards of behavior, enforcing consequences for violations, and providing resources for those who are affected by toxic behavior. It is also important for individuals to be mindful of their own actions and to speak out when they witness toxic behavior from others.

The theory of risk perception is an important concept in decision-making processes that involve potential risks and uncertainties. It suggests that people's perception of risk is shaped by their cognitive and affective responses to the risks, which are influenced by individual and social factors. These factors include personal beliefs, values, past experiences, cultural norms, and media representations of risks. For instance, some individuals may perceive a certain behavior or product to be risky, while others may view it as safe or beneficial. The theory of risk perception helps to explain why people may have different attitudes towards risk and why they may respond differently to the same risks. Understanding the theory of risk perception is essential for designing effective risk communication strategies and for promoting risk awareness and management.

The term "snerts" originated in the early days of online forums and refers to individuals who post excessive and often disruptive messages in online communities. These messages may be irrelevant, off-topic, or excessively long, and can dominate the conversation, making it difficult for other members to engage in meaningful dialogue. Snerts may also engage in attention-seeking behavior, such as posting provocative or controversial messages in an attempt to elicit a response. The term "snerts" has since evolved to encompass a broader range of disruptive behaviors, including trolling, spamming, and flaming.

Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, as it allows individuals to create and maintain a desired image or identity. This can involve various strategies, such as selectively revealing or concealing personal information, using nonverbal cues to communicate confidence or competence, and adapting one's communication style to fit the expectations of different audiences. The concept of self-presentation has been studied in various fields, including psychology, sociology, and communication, and has been linked to factors such as self-esteem, social influence, and impression management.

Preoccupation is a psychological state that can occur when a person is deeply absorbed in a particular thought, idea, or activity. This absorption can be so intense that the person may not be fully aware of their surroundings or may neglect other important matters in their life. Preoccupation can manifest in different ways, such as excessive worrying, daydreaming, or being overly focused on a particular task. It can be a positive state when it helps someone to achieve their goals, but it can also be negative when it leads to neglecting other important aspects of life or causes undue stress or anxiety.

The power of status and authority is a concept that has been widely studied in fields such as social psychology, organizational behavior, and sociology. Individuals who hold positions of power, such as managers or leaders, often have the ability to influence the behavior of others simply by virtue of their status or position. Similarly, individuals who are perceived as experts in a particular field also hold a certain degree of power and authority, as others are more likely to defer to their knowledge and expertise. This power dynamic can have both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, individuals who hold high status or authority can use their influence to motivate and inspire others, and to facilitate the achievement of common goals. On the other hand, this power can also be used to manipulate or control others, or to reinforce existing power structures and inequalities.

Online disinhibition can manifest in several ways, such as people becoming more aggressive, rude, or insensitive online, or disclosing personal information that they would never reveal in person. This can be due to the sense of anonymity and invisibility that comes with communicating online, which can lead people to feel less accountable for their actions. Additionally, the lack of physical presence and social cues can also make it easier for people to engage in behaviors that they might not otherwise do in person, such as cyberbullying or trolling. Online disinhibition can also be caused by the way that online communities are structured. People may be more likely to engage in extreme behavior when they are part of a group that shares similar beliefs or attitudes. This can create an echo chamber effect, where people reinforce each other's behavior and beliefs, leading to even more extreme actions.

In research performed by Kiesler, Zubrow, Moses, and Geller (1985), they studied harsher judgement, also known as the online disinhibition effect, as a phenomenon where people are more likely to express themselves more intensely and negatively online compared to in-person interactions. This is because the anonymity and lack of nonverbal cues in text-based communication can lead to a feeling of detachment from the consequences of one's words, leading to increased aggression and incivility. This effect is often observed in online communities such as social media platforms, online forums, and chat rooms, where people can interact with others without revealing their identity. The online disinhibition effect can manifest in various forms, including cyberbullying, trolling, and flaming. Cyberbullying refers to the use of electronic communication to bully and harass others, while trolling involves making inflammatory or off-topic comments to provoke others. Flaming refers to the use of aggressive and insulting language in online communication. These behaviors are often driven by the perceived anonymity and lack of accountability in online communication, which can lead to a lack of empathy and increased aggression.

Invisibility can refer to physical invisibility, such as the ability to make oneself disappear or blend into one's surroundings, or it can refer to social invisibility, such as being ignored or overlooked by others. In the context of technology, invisibility can refer to the ability to remain anonymous or untraceable online, such as through the use of virtual private networks (VPNs) or anonymous browsing. Invisibility can also be used as a metaphor for feeling unnoticed or unrecognized, particularly in social situations. Invisibility has been a topic of interest in literature and popular culture for centuries, with examples ranging from the myth of Perseus and his ability to become invisible with a magical cap, to the invisibility cloak in the Harry Potter series. Invisibility has also been a topic of scientific research, with attempts to create invisibility cloaks using metamaterials and other advanced technologies.

Identity formation is a psychological concept that can pose a significant challenge for online communities. When people interact in person, they use a range of social cues to establish trust and build relationships. These cues can include physical appearance, tone of voice, and body language, among others. However, in the online world, these cues are absent, and people have to rely on other indicators to establish trust and build relationships. One of these indicators is the user's online identity. In online communities, users can create whatever identity they would like through their interactions with other members. The username is what members identify each other by, but it says very little about the person behind it. This anonymity can lead to a lack of accountability, making it easier for individuals to engage in inappropriate behavior without fear of consequences. Additionally, people may use different identities to interact with different communities or in different situations, making it difficult to establish trust and authenticity. The issue of identity formation can also have significant implications for online trust. Trust is a vital component of any community, and it is particularly crucial in online communities. In the absence of physical cues, people rely on other indicators to establish trust, such as reputation, consistency, and social proof. However, when it comes to online identity, it can be challenging to establish the authenticity of a user. This lack of authenticity can undermine trust, making it difficult for users to build relationships and engage with the community fully. Moreover, online identity formation can also impact the sense of community that members feel. In many online communities, people interact with others who share similar interests, beliefs, or values. These interactions can lead to a sense of belonging and community, which is essential for online communities' success. However, when users' online identities are not authentic, it can be difficult to establish a genuine sense of community. If people do not feel like they are interacting with real people or if they cannot trust the identities of other users, it can be challenging to build a sense of community.

Identity deception is a term that refers to the deliberate act of misrepresenting oneself to others. This can take many forms, such as using a false name, creating a fake persona, or exaggerating one's accomplishments, skills, or experiences. It is often seen in online environments, where anonymity can make it easier for people to conceal their true identities and engage in deceptive behavior. The motivations for identity deception can vary widely. Some individuals engage in it for personal gain, such as to obtain money, attention, or social status. Others may do it as a form of self-protection, to avoid negative consequences or to maintain a sense of control over their online interactions. Whatever the reasons, identity deception can have serious consequences, both for the individuals who engage in it and for the communities they are a part of.