In today's interconnected and decentralized world, public problems such as global warming, AIDS, homelessness, drug abuse, crime, poverty, and teen pregnancy cross organizational and institutional boundaries. No single entity possesses the power or authority to address these issues alone. Instead, organizations and institutions must collaborate by sharing objectives, resources, activities, power, or authority to achieve collective benefits or mitigate losses. This shared-power context necessitates new approaches to planning, emphasizing the need for collaborative and inclusive strategies.
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Bryson, John M., and Barbara C. Crosby. "Planning and the design and use of forums, arenas, and courts." Explorations in planning theory. Routledge, 2017. 462-482.
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