Over the last decade, cybercrime has shifted from naive vandalism to profit-driven activities, leading to a global underground economy. This study examines why forums are frequently used for operating online stolen data markets, despite past successful law enforcement infiltrations. Analyzing interaction data from Shadowcrew, Cardersmarket, and Darkmarket, the study identifies four socio-economic mechanisms provided by these forums: formal control and coordination, social networking, identity uncertainty mitigation, and quality uncertainty mitigation. These mechanisms create a sophisticated regulatory system that facilitates underground trading and fuels the growth of the underground economy.
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Yip, Michael, Nigel Shadbolt, and Craig Webber. "Why forums? An empirical analysis into the facilitating factors of carding forums." Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM web science conference. 2013.
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